The Big Call / The Baby Merchants / A Three-Pipe Problem – Julian

Lassalle's short polemic asks how capital should be defined and why economists' standard definitions are misleading.

Ferdinand Lassalle examines the economic theories of Carl Rodbertus-Jagetzow on value, rent, wages, and crises.

Horkheimer examines religion dialectically as a record of human longing for justice and a protest against an unjust…

Raymond Aron's 1955 essay asks whether Soviet or American economic development offers a usable model for Asia, concluding…

Bruce Rich’s Mortgaging the Earth critiques the World Bank, arguing that postwar development lending has mortgaged natural resources…

Raymond Aron's Peace and War analyzes international relations as a condition of nature where no sovereign stands above…

Paulo Freire contrasts extension—transmitting knowledge to peasants—with communication, a dialogue where experts and peasants co-create knowledge as equals.

Paulo Freire's Pedagogy of the Oppressed critiques "banking" education and proposes dialogue-based liberating pedagogy.

Coudenhove-Kalergi's 1922 essay traces Europe's conflicts to two opposed human types, the rustic and the urban, and the…

An edited volume of conference papers applying longitudinal and panel data methods to financial, international, and applied economic…

Quesnay's collected writings set out physiocratic doctrine: society should be governed by a natural order securing property, liberty,…

Beccaria's systematic treatise on public economy treats population, agriculture, commerce, money, and taxation as an interconnected science of…