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Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz

Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (1646–1716) was a German polymath and rationalist philosopher who developed the concept of "monads" as fundamental, indivisible units of reality in his late work Monadology . He is also renowned for his Theodicy , which famously argued that our world is the "best of all possible worlds" despite the presence of evil, and for co-inventing infinitesimal calculus independently of Isaac Newton. His contributions to logic, metaphysics, and the philosophy of mind, including the principle of sufficient reason and the distinction between necessary and contingent truths, profoundly shaped Enlightenment thought.

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