Law

Law examines legal systems, normative frameworks, and the principles governing justice and social order. It studies constitutional structures, civil and criminal law, jurisprudence, and legal interpretation. This category includes both theoretical philosophy of law and applied legal studies.

125 summaries

History A third letter from a gentleman in the country, to his friends in London, upon the subject of the penal laws and test – William Penn William Penn

William Penn argues that penal laws and religious tests are unjust, defending liberty of conscience as the sound…

2 min read

History The peoples ancient and just liberties asssrted [!] in the tryal of William Penn, and William Mead, at the sessions held at the Old-Baily in London, the first, third, fourth and fifth of Sept. 70. against the most arbitrary procedure of that court … – William Penn William Penn

A report of the 1670 Old Bailey trial of William Penn and William Mead, arguing that punishing peaceful…

4 min read

Classic Literature The peoples ancient and just liberties asserted, in the tryal of William Penn, and William Mead … – William Penn William Penn

A contemporary account of William Penn and William Mead's 1670 trial, exposing arbitrary court procedure and the jury's…

3 min read

History A letter from a gentleman in the country, to his friends in London – William Penn William Penn

A seventeenth-century epistolary pamphlet by William Penn arguing against England's penal laws and tests that penalized religious dissenters.

3 min read

History William Penn’s first charter to the people of Pennsylvania, April 25, 1682 – William Penn William Penn

William Penn's 1682 charter gave Pennsylvania colonists a written frame of government with councils, assemblies, elections, and courts.

5 min read

Biography Full Report of this most Extraordinary Trial for Seduction and Adultery charged against Dr. Achilli – John Henry Newman John Henry Newman

A verbatim report of the 1852 libel trial in which Giacinto Achilli sued John Henry Newman over scandalous…

20 min read

Law Financial Remedies Practice Eighth – Peter Singer Peter Singer

A practitioner reference on the law and practice of financial remedies in England and Wales, covering divorce claims…

2 min read

History of Philosophy Commentary on Filangieri’s Science of Legislation – Benjamin Constant Benjamin Constant

Benjamin Constant offers a sustained liberal critique of Filangieri's Enlightenment vision of legislation as a science.

6 min read

History of Philosophy Commentary on the Science of Legislation by G. Filangieri – Benjamin Constant Benjamin Constant

Benjamin Constant critically examines Filangieri's plan to make legislation a science, defending liberty against ambitious and systematic lawgiving.

7 min read

History of Philosophy Reflections on Constitutions, the Distribution of Powers, and Guarantees in a … (Réflexions sur les constitutions, la distribution des pouvoirs, et les garanties, dans une …) – Benjamin Constant Benjamin Constant

Constant argues that constitutions must limit sovereign power and distribute it to protect individual liberty.

3 min read

Ethics Reflections on Hanging – Arthur Koestler Arthur Koestler

Arthur Koestler's 1956 non-fiction book argues against capital punishment, specifically the practice of hanging in Britain.

4 min read

Business TRIPS Compliance, National Patent Regimes and Innovation – Mani Mani

Mani examines how TRIPS compliance shapes national patent regimes and innovation across developed and developing economies.

42 sec read

Cultural History Gilbert’s Law Directory, for the Year of Our Lord 1775 – William Gilbert William Gilbert

A 1775 London directory listing attorneys practising in the courts of Westminster, compiled by William Gilbert and sold…

6 min read

Classic Literature Hukuk – Frédéric Bastiat Frédéric Bastiat

Bastiat argues that law exists to protect property and rights, not to plunder them for the benefit of…

12 min read

Classic Literature Sheria – Frédéric Bastiat Frédéric Bastiat

Bastiat argues that law, meant to protect life, liberty, and property, has been perverted into a tool of…

3 min read