Le prince philosophe, 1792 – Olympe de Gouges

Sayyid Qutb's Milestones is a manifesto calling Muslims to rebuild society on divine authority alone through the Qur'anic…

Raymond Aron's posthumously published lectures examine what history is, how it can be known, and what truth it…

Quine explains how modern formal logic reshapes traditional philosophy by clarifying meaning, ontology, and the nature of logical…

Quine's short essay uses a science-fiction scenario to explore what it means for something to exist.

Sayyid Qutb argues that Islam offers a complete social, political, and economic order grounded in divine justice, distinct…

Eriugena's Periphyseon is a Latin dialogue dividing all reality into four species of nature, from God as creator…

Paulo Freire reflects on solidarity as a pedagogical and political commitment against fatalism and injustice in education.

Freire argues that teaching is never neutral and demands ethical, political, and epistemological commitment from educators.

Raymond Aron's lucid exposition and critique of the strategic thinking that grew up around nuclear weapons in the…

François Quesnay's Economic Table models how a nation's annual wealth is produced, circulates among three classes, and renews…

Beccaria's systematic treatise on public economy treats population, agriculture, commerce, money, and taxation as an interconnected science of…

Bolesław Prus reflects on social change and human progress in this speculative work rooted in Polish positivism.