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The Black Prince – Iris Murdoch

Iris Murdoch
Reading time 12 min read
Published 1973
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A Confession of Love and Art Told by a Narrator Who May Not Be Trusted

The Foreword: Bradley Pearson Prepares His Testimony

The book opens not with action but with a writer explaining how he intends to write. Bradley Pearson, the narrator, presents himself as the author of the account that follows, framing it as a document assembled with the help of an editor, a figure named P. Loxias, who will oversee its publication. Bradley insists from the outset that what he is about to set down is true, a testament, even as he weighs different ways of beginning it. He settles, self-consciously, on the most dramatic point of entry, the telephone call that will detonate everything that follows.

“It might be most dramatically effective to begin the tale at the moment when Arnold Baffin rang me up and said, ‘Bradley, could you come round here please, I think that I have just killed my wife.'”

This opening gesture already tells the reader something essential about Bradley: he is a man who thinks in terms of narrative effect, who is anxious about the shape and honesty of his own telling, and who cannot resist commenting on his own artistry even while claiming to report plain fact. The Foreword establishes him as a writer who has published almost nothing of consequence, who regards art with something like religious dread, and who is now, belatedly, attempting the one serious work of his life — this very account.

The Telephone Call and Arnold Baffin

The tale proper begins with that call answered. Bradley, alarmed, hurries across London to the house of Arnold Baffin, a popular and prolific novelist who is also his oldest friend and, in Bradley’s private judgment, his artistic inferior despite Arnold’s much greater commercial success. When Bradley arrives he does not find a corpse but a domestic battlefield: Arnold’s wife Rachel Baffin is alive, bruised about the face, and the two Baffins are locked in the aftermath of a violent marital quarrel rather than a murder. Bradley, characteristically, inserts himself as mediator and moral witness, dressing Rachel’s injury, listening to recriminations from both sides, feeling both superior to the Baffins’ vulgar melodrama and secretly stirred by it.

This scene sets the pattern for the whole first movement of the book: Bradley constantly summoned into other people’s crises, positioning himself as the calm, discerning observer even as he is drawn deeper into currents he does not control. The false alarm of Arnold’s confession — “I think that I have just killed my wife” turning out to be hyperbole born of rage rather than fact — plants the idea of violence between the Baffins early, so that it recurs later not as a bolt from nowhere but as the fulfillment of something already latent in their marriage.

Bradley Pearson’s Situation and Vocation

Alongside this domestic emergency, the narrative lays out who Bradley actually is. He is a retired tax inspector, now separated from that career and living alone, who regards himself as a serious artist who has so far failed, or refused, to produce his major work. He contrasts himself pointedly with Arnold: Arnold writes and publishes constantly, book after book, with what Bradley considers a facile, undisciplined fluency, while Bradley himself holds to an almost mystical standard of silence, believing that true art requires long withholding, that the artist must earn the right to speak by first enduring years of near-wordlessness. He speaks of wanting to retreat, to go away alone and finally write the book that will justify his existence as an artist.

This self-portrait is shadowed by vanity and self-deception that the narrative lets show through even as Bradley insists on his own honesty. He is fastidious, easily wounded, contemptuous of what he sees as lesser literary ambition, and yet endlessly available to be interrupted by the demands of family and friends — which is exactly what happens next. No sooner does he contemplate retreat than his solitary plan is invaded from two directions at once: his former wife is returning to London, and his sister is about to arrive at his door in crisis.

Priscilla’s Flight from Roger

Bradley’s sister Priscilla arrives distraught, having left her husband Roger after discovering his infidelity, abandoning her home and possessions in a state close to breakdown. She installs herself in Bradley’s flat, disrupting the solitude he has been trying to protect, and Bradley finds himself torn between genuine pity for her and irritation at the intrusion into his carefully guarded artistic isolation. Priscilla’s grief is presented as raw and almost unbearable: she obsesses over lost jewelry and possessions left behind at the marital house, treating these objects as though they were the substance of her ruined life, and she speaks more than once of wanting to die.

Into this domestic emergency comes Francis Marloe, a disgraced, struck-off doctor who is also the brother of Bradley’s former wife, an awkward, needy, unwelcome figure whom Bradley treats with contempt but who nonetheless proves useful in caring for Priscilla. Francis attaches himself to Bradley’s household with a kind of doglike persistence, and his presence becomes another thread pulling Bradley away from the solitary artistic labor he claims to want. The household around Bradley swells with people in crisis even as he insists, to himself and to the reader, that all he wants is to be left alone to write.

The Return of Christian and the World Presses In

Compounding the disorder is the reappearance of Christian Evandale, Bradley’s former wife, who left him years earlier and has now returned to London, transformed by an intervening marriage in America into a wealthy widow. Her return unsettles Bradley profoundly: old resentments, old humiliations, and unresolved feeling surface at once, disturbing the composed self-image he has built in her absence. Christian’s confident, worldly manner contrasts with Bradley’s anxious fastidiousness, and her presence in London becomes one more force pulling the various households — his, hers, the Baffins’ — into closer and more entangled contact.

At the same time, Arnold and Rachel’s marriage continues to seethe beneath a surface of normalcy resumed after the earlier violent quarrel, and Bradley is drawn again and again into their affairs as confidant to both husband and wife separately, each of whom begins to treat him as an ally against the other. The narrative accumulates these overlapping crises — Priscilla’s collapse, Christian’s return, the Baffins’ marriage — around Bradley’s stated desire for silence and solitude, so that his failure to withdraw, his susceptibility to being needed and consulted, comes to seem as central to his character as the artistic ambition he professes.

Julian Baffin and the Awakening of the Black Eros

It is against this background that Bradley’s attention turns toward Arnold and Rachel’s daughter, Julian Baffin, a young woman in her twenties with literary interests of her own. Their early meetings are framed as intellectual exchanges — conversations about literature, and in particular about Hamlet, which becomes the recurring imaginative touchstone of the whole book. Julian asks Bradley to help her think through Shakespeare’s play, and their discussions of Hamlet’s grief, indecision, and morbid preoccupation with death begin to shade into something more charged, though Bradley at first frames his interest in purely avuncular, mentoring terms.

The title’s image, the black prince, gathers meaning here: it evokes Hamlet himself, the prince in mourning black, and it comes to stand for the dark, disruptive force of desire — what Bradley elsewhere associates with Eros as opposed to the ordered clarity he calls Apollo — that begins to take hold of him under cover of literary discussion. What starts as instruction in Shakespeare becomes, almost without Bradley admitting it to himself, the ground on which an overwhelming and transgressive infatuation for a woman decades his junior, the daughter of his closest friend, begins to take root, disguised at first even from its own possessor as nothing more than the shared pleasures of art.

The affair between Rachel and Arnold that erupted so violently on the night of the telephone call does not simply subside once Bradley has calmed them both down. Rachel Baffin, bruised and humiliated, turns to Bradley in the following days not merely for comfort but for something more: she wants him to notice her, to want her, to redeem the indignity of being an unremarkable, ageing, unloved wife married to a famous and self-absorbed husband. She confides in him, drinks with him, and eventually all but offers herself to him, framing it as a natural continuation of their old friendship and his evident kindness. Bradley, caught between vanity, pity, and a residual loyalty to Arnold, refuses her — gently, evasively, but decisively — telling himself that he has behaved honourably. He does not yet see, though the narrative he is writing later invites the reader to see, that this refusal will not be forgiven; Rachel’s wounded pride hardens quietly into something that will matter enormously once violence enters the story again.

Meanwhile Priscilla, installed in Bradley’s flat since her flight from Roger, sinks further into a private catastrophe that Bradley registers mostly as an inconvenience to his own plans. She weeps, rehearses the details of Roger’s affair with a younger woman, Marigold, demands sympathy and practical help with money and belongings, and receives from her brother only distracted, dutiful attention. Bradley’s own account does not spare himself entirely here: he records his impatience, his wish to be elsewhere, his sense that Priscilla’s ordinary domestic misery is somehow beneath the seriousness of his own artistic and emotional preoccupations. Small material humiliations accumulate around her — a dressing gown, some jewellery she wants retrieved from the marital house, the indifference of people she calls for help — until her isolation becomes total.

It is precisely while Bradley’s attention is elsewhere, absorbed in the growing excitement of his feelings for Julian, that Priscilla’s despair reaches its end. She takes an overdose and dies, alone, in circumstances Bradley reconstructs afterward with guilt he can barely disguise as narrative objectivity. Her death functions in the book as an accusation the text never quite states outright: the reader is left to weigh the cost of Bradley’s absorption in his own drama against the ordinary, unglamorous suffering he failed to attend to. This failure becomes one of the moral weights the rest of Bradley’s testimony must carry, whether he acknowledges it as such or not.

Against this backdrop the involvement with Julian deepens from literary tutorial into declared passion. Bradley’s account presents a scene in which Julian, half in play, dresses in a way that evokes the melancholy prince himself — black-clad, youthful, androgynous — and something in Bradley breaks open; he confesses, clumsily and with the sense of stepping off a cliff, that he loves her, not as a fatherly friend but as a man loves a woman. To his astonishment Julian does not recoil but returns the declaration, and the two of them, aware of the enormity of what they are doing — the disparity in age, Bradley’s friendship with her father, the sheer scandal of it — resolve to be together anyway. They leave London together and take refuge in a remote house by the sea, a self-enclosed idyll in which Bradley experiences, by his own testimony, the most intense happiness of his life, a happiness he insists on describing in almost religious terms, as an annihilation of the ordinary self in the presence of the beloved.

The idyll cannot last. Arnold, Rachel, and Christian, alerted and appalled, converge on the couple’s hiding place, and the confrontation that follows is described by Bradley with the anguish of a man watching something absolute be dismantled by people who cannot understand its nature. Julian is retrieved by her parents; whether through her own wavering, parental pressure, or some deception practiced upon Bradley in the process — his account leaves this genuinely ambiguous — the affair is broken off, and Bradley returns to London stripped of the one thing that had, for a brief interval, given his life the shape he had always wanted for it.

It is very shortly after this rupture that Arnold Baffin is found dead of a head wound in his own house, and Bradley, present at the scene in circumstances his narrative recounts in detail — his arrival, his discovery of the body, the disorder of the room — becomes almost immediately the chief suspect. The narrative that has, until now, moved through domestic betrayals and private passions turns abruptly into the machinery of police interrogation, circumstantial evidence, and eventually trial. Bradley insists throughout, both at the time and in the retrospective testimony he is composing, upon his innocence; he presents the physical facts as he understood them, the sequence of his movements, and his bewilderment at the case assembled against him. Rachel Baffin’s testimony proves decisive in securing his conviction, and Bradley’s account makes clear, without quite being able to prove it within the fiction of his own narration, his growing conviction that Rachel herself struck the blow that killed her husband and allowed suspicion to fall on him instead — a suspicion the book never resolves with the finality of ordinary detective fiction, since Bradley’s testimony is precisely what is on trial, not just before the court but before the reader.

Convicted and imprisoned, Bradley writes the account the reader has been following, and it is from within the prison cell that his testimony takes on its final, most explicitly philosophical cast: he reflects at length on the relation between Eros and art, arguing that his love for Julian, however catastrophic in its worldly consequences, was also the means by which he finally understood what it is to create — that suffering and desire, submitted to and endured rather than evaded, are the very substance out of which anything worth calling art must be made. He distinguishes this hard-won understanding from Arnold Baffin’s fluent, prolific, and — in Bradley’s judgment — essentially shallow productivity, insisting that his own near-silence as a writer has been a form of integrity that Arnold’s facility never achieved.

The testimony proper does not end the book. It is followed by a set of postscripts written, we are told, by the other principal figures — Christian, Francis Marloe, Rachel, and Julian — each of whom disputes, corrects, or flatly contradicts Bradley’s version of events: his motives, his reliability, even basic facts of what occurred. Christian’s postscript dismisses him with brisk exasperation; Francis Marloe’s is defensive and self-justifying; Rachel’s is coolly damning; Julian’s, the last and most poignant, neither confirms nor simply refutes the intensity Bradley claimed for their love, leaving its reality permanently unsettled. The effect is to place the entire preceding narrative under a final, irremovable question mark: the reader has been given Bradley’s truth, but not the truth.

The book closes with an Editor’s Postscript signed by P. Loxias, the enigmatic figure to whom Bradley addressed his manuscript and who has shepherded it into print after Bradley’s death in prison. Loxias’s brief closing words, invoking the god whose epithet his own name carries, gather up the novel’s recurring opposition of Apollo and the black Eros into a final, deliberately unresolved meditation on art, love, and the impossibility of ever fully separating the teller from the tale — the last word of a book that has, from its very first pages, insisted that no single testimony, including its own, can be trusted to tell the whole truth.

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