Tuhfat al-Ahrar (Tohgat al-Ahrar) – Amir Khusrau

Bolesław Prus's short tale follows a Warsaw boy left destitute by his parents' deaths and exposed to the…

A memoiristic essay by Bolesław Prus recalling mid-nineteenth-century Lublin under Russian rule.

Raymond Aron's two-volume study examines the founding figures of sociology through systematic exposition and critical assessment.

Mendelssohn's commentary on Ecclesiastes explains the biblical text according to its literal sense for the use of students.

Mendelssohn's essay portrays Socrates as a citizen of the world whose rational piety and death illustrate the philosophic…

Sayyid Qutb's Milestones is a manifesto calling Muslims to rebuild society on divine authority alone through the Qur'anic…

Marx's combative critique dismantles Proudhon's economic doctrine and the philosophical method behind his reconciliation of capitalism's good and…

Lyotard's Peregrinations is an essayistic intellectual itinerary exploring law, form, and event across aesthetics, ethics, and politics.

A pseudepigraphic Greek treatise on ethics attributed to Archytas of Tarentum, pairing moral education with the happy life.

A visionary Arabic epistle mixing satire, literary criticism, and a journey through the afterlife by the blind Syrian…

Shen Kuo's Dream Pool Essays is a Song-dynasty biji miscellany of observations, technical notes, and scholarly reflections across…

Al-Ma'arri's eleventh-century Arabic epistle turns a testy correspondence into a visionary journey through Paradise and Hell.